feat(sched): add x86 context switch and round-robin scheduling
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arch/x86/include/arch/switch.h
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8
arch/x86/include/arch/switch.h
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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#ifndef ARCH_X86_SWITCH_H
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#define ARCH_X86_SWITCH_H
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#include <stdint.h>
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void arch_context_switch(uintptr_t *prev_sp, uintptr_t next_sp);
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#endif
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@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ ARCH_KERNEL_SRCS := \
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ARCH_KERNEL_OBJS := \
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$(BUILD_DIR)/arch/kernel/entry.o \
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$(BUILD_DIR)/arch/kernel/exception_entry.o \
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$(BUILD_DIR)/arch/kernel/switch.o \
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$(patsubst $(ARCH_DIR)/kernel/%.c,$(BUILD_DIR)/arch/kernel/%.o,$(ARCH_KERNEL_SRCS))
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22
arch/x86/kernel/switch.S
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arch/x86/kernel/switch.S
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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
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.section .text
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.global arch_context_switch
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.type arch_context_switch, @function
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arch_context_switch:
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pushq %rbp
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pushq %rbx
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pushq %r12
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pushq %r13
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pushq %r14
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pushq %r15
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movq %rsp, (%rdi)
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movq %rsi, %rsp
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popq %r15
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popq %r14
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popq %r13
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popq %r12
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popq %rbx
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popq %rbp
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ret
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@ -54,15 +54,17 @@
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- 已建立最小 kernel thread 对象,包含 id、状态、入口、参数、内核栈和 run queue 链接。
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- 已建立动态 run queue,不固定写死线程数量。
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- 已能通过 `kernel_thread_create()` 动态分配线程对象和内核栈。
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- `scripts/check.sh` 已验证 `timer initialized`、`timer tick=1/2/3`、`scheduler initialized` 和 `kernel thread selftest ok`。
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- 已建立 x86 上下文切换入口,保存/恢复 callee-saved 寄存器和栈指针。
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- 已建立线程 trampoline,新线程能从独立内核栈进入自己的入口函数。
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- 已建立协作式 round-robin,两个 kernel thread 能通过 `sched_yield()` 轮转运行。
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- `scripts/check.sh` 已验证 `timer initialized`、`timer tick=1/2/3`、`scheduler initialized`、`kernel thread selftest ok` 和 `thread 1/2` 轮转日志。
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后续扩展:
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- 把 IRQ 分发扩展为可注册 handler 的表,而不是只处理 timer。
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- 建立上下文切换入口。
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- 建立 run queue 和最小 round-robin scheduler。
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- 把协作式调度接入 timer tick,演进为抢占式调度。
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- 建立 `yield()`、`sleep()`、timer wakeup 和 wait queue。
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下一阶段:
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- 继续在 `04-time-scheduler.md` 内推进上下文切换入口和最小 round-robin scheduler。
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- 继续在 `04-time-scheduler.md` 内推进 timer 驱动的抢占式调度、`sleep()` 和 wait queue。
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
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| `01-early-debug.md` | 基础完成 | 已有 early log 前端、QEMU debug port、COM1 串口和最小 `panic()`。 |
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| `02-cpu-interrupts.md` | 基础完成 | 已有 GDT/TSS/IDT、exception vector 0-31、`trap_frame` 和 invalid opcode 回归测试。 |
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| `03-memory.md` | 基础完成 | 已有最小物理页 allocator、页表 map/unmap/query、page fault 诊断和内核堆。 |
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| `04-time-scheduler.md` | 进行中 | 已有 PIT timer interrupt、通用 tick 计数、kernel thread 对象、内核栈和 run queue 基础;上下文切换、调度和等待队列未完成。 |
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| `04-time-scheduler.md` | 进行中 | 已有 PIT timer interrupt、通用 tick 计数、kernel thread、内核栈、上下文切换和协作式 round-robin;抢占式调度和等待队列未完成。 |
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| `05-input-events.md` | 未开始 | 需要输入事件模型和键盘接入。 |
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| `06-storage-vfs.md` | 未开始 | 需要块层、缓存、VFS 和基础文件系统。 |
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| `07-user-mode.md` | 未开始 | 需要 syscall、进程、用户地址空间和 ELF 加载。 |
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
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| `09-driver-expansion.md` | 未开始 | 需要设备模型、PCI/ACPI、存储、网络等驱动扩展。 |
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| `10-real-machine.md` | 未开始 | 需要 U 盘真机启动验证和硬件差异记录。 |
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当前最合适的下一步仍在 `04-time-scheduler.md` 内:引入上下文切换入口,再做最小 round-robin 调度循环。
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当前最合适的下一步仍在 `04-time-scheduler.md` 内:把调度接入 timer tick,演进到抢占式调度,然后做 `sleep()` 和 wait queue。
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## Linux 级能力缺口路由
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@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
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- 内核堆基础:已提供 `kmalloc/kfree`,并接入启动 selftest。
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- timer 基础:已接入 x86 PIC/PIT,timer IRQ 能进入通用 tick 入口。
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- kernel thread 基础:已建立线程对象、内核栈和 run queue。
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- 调度基础:已建立 x86 上下文切换入口和协作式 round-robin。
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- 构建系统已拆成根 Makefile、`arch/x86/Makefile` 和目录 Makefile。
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- `scripts/check.sh` 已验证启动日志、串口日志和 invalid opcode 异常路径,GitHub Actions 已接入。
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- `.clang-format` 已用于强制当前 C 代码风格。
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@ -44,7 +45,8 @@
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目标:
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- 建立上下文切换入口和最小 round-robin 调度循环。
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- 把调度接入 timer tick,演进到抢占式调度。
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- 建立 `sleep()`、timer wakeup 和 wait queue。
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## 任务路由
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@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ enum thread_state {
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struct thread {
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uint64_t id;
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enum thread_state state;
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uintptr_t stack_pointer;
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kernel_thread_entry_t entry;
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void *arg;
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void *stack_base;
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@ -28,5 +29,7 @@ struct thread {
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void sched_init(void);
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struct thread *kernel_thread_create(
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const char *name, kernel_thread_entry_t entry, void *arg);
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void sched_start(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
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void sched_yield(void);
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#endif
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@ -24,7 +24,5 @@ void kernel_main(const boot_info_t *boot_info)
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*(volatile uint64_t *)(uintptr_t)0xffffff1000000000ull = 1;
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#endif
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for (;;) {
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__asm__ volatile("hlt");
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}
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sched_start();
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}
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@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
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#include <stddef.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <arch/switch.h>
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#include <tianole/early_log.h>
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#include <tianole/mm.h>
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#include <tianole/sched.h>
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@ -10,9 +12,13 @@
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static struct thread *run_queue_head;
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static struct thread *run_queue_tail;
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static struct thread *current_thread;
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static uintptr_t boot_stack_pointer;
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static uint64_t next_thread_id = 1;
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static int scheduler_ready;
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static void thread_trampoline(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
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static uintptr_t align_down_uintptr(uintptr_t value, uintptr_t alignment)
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{
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return value & ~(alignment - 1);
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@ -50,6 +56,22 @@ static void enqueue_thread(struct thread *thread)
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run_queue_tail = thread;
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}
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static uintptr_t prepare_initial_stack(uintptr_t stack_top)
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{
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uintptr_t *stack = (uintptr_t *)stack_top;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = (uintptr_t)thread_trampoline;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = 0;
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*--stack = 0;
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return (uintptr_t)stack;
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}
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struct thread *kernel_thread_create(
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const char *name, kernel_thread_entry_t entry, void *arg)
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{
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@ -78,6 +100,7 @@ struct thread *kernel_thread_create(
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thread->entry = entry;
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thread->arg = arg;
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thread->stack_top = align_down_uintptr(stack_top, STACK_ALIGNMENT);
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thread->stack_pointer = prepare_initial_stack(thread->stack_top);
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thread->stack_size = KERNEL_STACK_SIZE;
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thread->next = 0;
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copy_thread_name(thread->name, sizeof(thread->name), name);
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@ -87,6 +110,74 @@ struct thread *kernel_thread_create(
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return thread;
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}
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static struct thread *next_runnable_thread(void)
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{
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struct thread *start;
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struct thread *thread;
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if (current_thread == 0 || current_thread->next == 0) {
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start = run_queue_head;
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} else {
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start = current_thread->next;
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}
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thread = start;
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while (thread != 0) {
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if (thread->state == THREAD_READY) {
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return thread;
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}
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thread = thread->next;
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}
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for (thread = run_queue_head; thread != start; thread = thread->next) {
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if (thread->state == THREAD_READY) {
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return thread;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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void sched_yield(void)
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{
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struct thread *prev = current_thread;
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struct thread *next = next_runnable_thread();
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if (next == 0 || next == prev) {
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return;
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}
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if (prev != 0 && prev->state == THREAD_RUNNING) {
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prev->state = THREAD_READY;
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}
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next->state = THREAD_RUNNING;
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current_thread = next;
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if (prev == 0) {
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arch_context_switch(&boot_stack_pointer, next->stack_pointer);
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return;
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}
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arch_context_switch(&prev->stack_pointer, next->stack_pointer);
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}
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static void thread_trampoline(void)
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{
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struct thread *thread = current_thread;
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if (thread == 0 || thread->entry == 0) {
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panic("kernel thread entered without entry");
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}
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thread->entry(thread->arg);
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thread->state = THREAD_DEAD;
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for (;;) {
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sched_yield();
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}
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}
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static void thread_selftest_entry(void *arg)
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{
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(void)arg;
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@ -121,6 +212,21 @@ static void scheduler_selftest(void)
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early_log_puts("kernel thread selftest ok\n");
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}
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static void scheduler_demo_entry(void *arg)
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{
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uint64_t id = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)arg;
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uint64_t step;
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for (step = 1; step <= 3; step++) {
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early_log_puts("thread ");
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early_log_u64_decimal(id);
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early_log_puts(" step=");
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early_log_u64_decimal(step);
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early_log_puts("\n");
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sched_yield();
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}
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}
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void sched_init(void)
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{
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if (scheduler_ready != 0) {
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@ -134,3 +240,20 @@ void sched_init(void)
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early_log_puts("scheduler initialized\n");
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scheduler_selftest();
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}
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void sched_start(void)
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{
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struct thread *first = kernel_thread_create(
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"round-robin-a", scheduler_demo_entry, (void *)(uintptr_t)1);
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struct thread *second = kernel_thread_create(
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"round-robin-b", scheduler_demo_entry, (void *)(uintptr_t)2);
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if (first == 0 || second == 0) {
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panic("scheduler demo thread creation failed");
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}
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early_log_puts("scheduler starting\n");
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sched_yield();
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panic("scheduler returned to boot context");
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}
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@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ check_lines build/debug.log \
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"scheduler initialized" \
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"kernel thread selftest ok" \
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"timer initialized" \
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"scheduler starting" \
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"thread 1 step=1" \
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"thread 2 step=1" \
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"thread 1 step=2" \
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"thread 2 step=2" \
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"thread 1 step=3" \
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"thread 2 step=3" \
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"timer tick=1" \
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"timer tick=2" \
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"timer tick=3"
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@ -46,6 +53,13 @@ check_lines build/serial.log \
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"scheduler initialized" \
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"kernel thread selftest ok" \
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"timer initialized" \
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"scheduler starting" \
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"thread 1 step=1" \
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"thread 2 step=1" \
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"thread 1 step=2" \
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"thread 2 step=2" \
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"thread 1 step=3" \
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"thread 2 step=3" \
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"timer tick=1" \
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"timer tick=2" \
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"timer tick=3"
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